– Geology, Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Granite Suites and Pegmatites in the Northern Part of Mandara Hills Gwoza Sheet 114, Northeastern Nigeria –
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ABSTRACT
This research work focused on the petrological and of the granites and pegmatites in the northern part of Mandara Hills part of sheet 114 (Gwoza), so as to constrain their evolutionary history and to determine their mineralization potential, based on new sets of petrological and geochemical data.
The area is underlain by , amphibolites, granite suites, aplite and pegmatites. The granite suites vary in texture and composition and comprise of diorite, medium-grained biotite hornblende granite, porphyritic biotite granite, coarse-grained biotite granite, medium-grained biotite granite, fine-grained biotite granite and tectonised granite (cataclasite).
Two types of pegmatites have been mapped in the area. Type-I pegmatite occurs as large oval-shaped bodies trending in E-W directions, and type-II occurs mainly as veins often cross-cutting their host rocks and strike mainly in the NE-SW direction.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Declaration………………………………………………………………………………….. i
Certification…………………………………………………………………………………ii
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………iii
Dedication……………………………………………………………………………………iv
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………….v
Table of content…………………………………………………………………………….vi
List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………vii
List of Tables………………………………………………………………………………viii
List of Plates…………………………………………………………………………………ix
CHAPTER ONE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
1.1 LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY OF THE STUDY AREA ……………………………………………………….. 4
1.3 CLIMATE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6
1.4 VEGETATION AND LAND USE ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 6
1.5 RELIEF ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
1.6 DRAINAGE …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7
1.7 PREVIOUS WORK ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7
1.8 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM …………………………………………………………………….. 9
1.8 SCOPE OF THE PRESENT WORK …………………………………………………………………………………… 10
1.10 OBJECTIVES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10
CHAPTER TWO …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
REGIONAL GEOLOGY ………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
2.1 INTRODUCTION: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
2.2.1 Lithologic units …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
2.2.2 The Migmatite-gneiss Complex …………………………………………………………………………….. 14
2.2.3 The metasediments …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
2.2.4 The Older Granite suites ……………………………………………………………………………………… 17
2.2.5 Geochronology and Tectonic Evolution of the Nigerian Basement Complex ………………. 19
2.3 THE NIGERIAN PEGMATITES …………………………………………………………………………………… 21
2.3.1 Barren Pegmatites ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24
2.3.2 Rare Metal Pegmatite …………………………………………………………………………………………. 24
2.3.4 Structural Control………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25
CHAPTER THREE ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
METHODOLOGY ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29
3.1 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29
3.2 FIELD INVESTIGATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
3.3. LABORATORY WORK ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30
3.3.1 Petrography…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30
Analytical Techniques …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 30
CHAPTER FOUR ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 32
RESULTS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 32
4.1 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32
4.2 GEOLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY …………………………………………………………………………………… 32
4.2.1 Migmatitic-Gneiss ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 34
4.2.2 Amphibolite …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36
4.2.3 Diorite ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 39
4.2.4 Medium Grained Biotite Hornblende Granite ……………………………………………………………. 41
4.2.5 Porphyritic Biotite Granite ………………………………………………………………………………………. 43
CHAPTER FIVE …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 113
DISCUSSION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 113
5.1 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 113
5.2 FIELD, PETROGRAPHICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF MIGMATITC GNEISS, AMPHIBOLITE
AND THE GRANITE SUITES ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 113
5.3 PETROGENESIS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 115
5.4 POSSIBLE SOURCE ROCK (PROTOLITHS ………………………………………………………………………. 117
5.5 GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES AND MINERALIZATION POTENTIAL OF THE PEGMATITES ……….. 119
5.6 INTERNAL EVOLUTION OF THE PEGMATITES ………………………………………………………………. 120
5.7 FROM GRANITES TO PEGMATITES: A PROPOSED PETROGENETIC MODEL ……………………… 123
CHAPTER SIX ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 126
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ……………………………………………………… 126
6.1 CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 126
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 128
INTRODUCTION
The study area lies in the northern part of the , northeastern Nigeria. The area is considered as the northern extension of the Obudu-Oban Massifs in southeastern Nigeria separated only by the Benue Trough (Abaa and Najime, 2006).
The area is underlain by , amphibolites, granite suites, aplite and pegmatites. The granites which are in most places intruded by pegmatites constitute about sixty percent (60 %) of the total crystalline basement rocks in the area.
Granites are composed of quartz, mica, feldspars and such as amphibole or pyroxene, in grains sufficiently large to be distinguished by the naked eye and possessing a texture produced by the crystals as a whole interfering with one another’s free development (Read, 1948).
is rich in potassium feldspar (up to 65% of feldspars) relative to plagioclase and has a high content of quartz (20-60%).
REFERENCES
Abaa S.I. and Najime T. (2006): Mineralization in Precambrian rocks of central Nigeria: implication for the Oban-Obudu-Mandara-Gwoza Complex of eastern Nigeria. Global journal of geological sciences 4(2): pp. 121-128
Adekeye, J. I. D., and Akintola O. F., (2007): Geochemical features of rare-metal pegmatite in Nasarawa area Central Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology 43(1): pp 1–21.
Adekoya, J.A. (1996): The Nigerian schist belts: age and depositional environment: implications from associatedbanded iron-formations. Journal of mining and Geology, 32: pp. 35-46
Ajibade, A. C. (1976). Provisional classification of the Schists Belts of North Western Nigeria In: C. A. Kogbe “Geology of Nigeria” 2nd revised edition Rock View Nigeria limited, jos, pp. 85-90.
Ajibade, A. C. 1(988): Structural and tectonic evolution of the Nigerian basement with special reference to NW Nigeria. In International Conference on Proterozoic Geology Tectonics High-Grade Terrains (Ife, Nigeria), pp. 42-129
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