EVALUATION OF WATER SOURCES FOR IRRIGATION IN EKOLI EDDA SOUTH EAST NIGERIA

A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SOIL AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF AGRIC SCIENCE (B. Agric)

ABSTRACT

The Evaluation of water sources for irrigation evaluated in Ekoli Edda of Ebonyi state. In doing so, the water samples were collected from 20m tube wells at Achiogba, Ol0-Ekoli, Iminika, Anyaoji, respectively and it was analyzed for soluble salts (salinity hazard).Concentration relation to calcium and magnesium, sodium or alkali hazard and concentration of born and other constituents that may be toxic or harmful to crops.The result of the chemical analysis of the water sample shows that the underground water in Ekoli Edda is good for irrigation, but need little treatment for some factor like Residuum sodium carbonate (RSC) which is high. The Electrical conductivity (EC), sodium Adsorption Ration (SAR) and sodium (Na) content of the underground water compares favourably with the standard for irrigation. Also (Ca,Mg,k,p,No₃,B,Fe, So₄) of the underground water compares favourably with the standard for irrigation. Some of the heavy metal are in levels that require that the water should be diluted before it can be used for irrigation safely.        

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgements

Abstract

List of tables

Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       INTRODUCTION

1.1       Specific Objective of the Study

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1       Definition and Objective of Irrigation

2.2       Purpose of Irrigation

2.3       Toxicities of Elements

2.4       Sodium Absorption Ration (SAR0)

2.5       Sodium Toxicity

2.6       Boron Hazard

2.7       Bicarbonate hazard

2.8             Salinity Hazard

2.9       Nutrient Concentration (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S)

2.10    Water pH

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIAL AND METHODS

3.1       Locations and Site of the Experiment

3.2       Sample Collection

3.3       Laboratory Analysis

3.4       Statistical Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       Result and Discussion

4.1       Nutrient and Heavy Metal Content of Ekoh Water for

Irrigation

4.2       Heavy Metal Content Ration of the Water Source

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1       Summary

5.2       Conclusion

5.3       Remmendation

References

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1        Recommended Maximum Concentration of Trace

Elements and Heavy Metals in Irrigation Water

Table 2.2        Classification of sodicity in irrigation in water

Table 2.3        Classification of irrigation water based on boron

concentration in relation to plant tolerance (mg/l)

Table 2.4        Interpretation for RSC value

Table 2.5        Water classification based on salinity

Table 2.6:      Laboratory Determination of (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S)

Needed to Evaluate common irrigation water

quality problems

Table 2.7:  Water pH value and their interpretation

Table 4.1   Chemical properties of water source

Table 4.2:      Some selected chemical properties of irrigation water in Ekoli Edda

Table 4.3        Heavy Metal Concentration of the Water Sources

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