Stabilization of Laterite Against Water Penetration in Earth (Mud) Roofs Using Locust Bean Pod Ash and Sugarcane Straw Ash.
ABSTRACT
This research examined the stabilization of laterite against water penetration on earth (mud) roofs, using Locust Bean Pod Ash (LBPA) and Sugarcane Straw Ash (SCSA).
The laterite soil was collected from pits around Hagagawa quarters of Bichi Local Government Area. It was stabilized with different mix ratios of 14, 22 and 30 per cent of LBPA and SCSA with different mix proportions of laterite. These mixes were subjected to permeability test to ascertain their water resistance effectiveness.
The results of the test showed that, laterite sample without additives is more porous, thereby, allowing easy penetration of water and thus, not very suitable for roof construction. The suitability of the laterite sample was improved by optimum of LBPA and SCSA at 30 per cent.
Also, the least amount of water penetration after 14 and 28 days of curing was with the mix ratio of 70:30, followed by 78:22.
The results also showed that the increase in quantity of Locust Bean Pod Ash resulted in greater water resistance than increase in quantity of Sugarcane Straw Ash for both 14 and 28 days curing periods.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL PAGE ii
CERTIFCATION iii
DEDICATION iv
ACKNOWELDGEMENTS v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
ABSTRACT xi
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 5
Purpose of the Study 6
Significance of the Study 7
Research Question 8
Delimitations of the Study 9
CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual Framework 10
Laterite as a Building Material: Strengths and Weaknesses 12
Stabilization of Laterite for Building Construction 14
Locust Bean Pod Ash as a Stabilizer to Laterite 16
Laterite Stabilized with Sugarcane Straw Ash 18
Review of Related Empirical Studies 20
Summary of Review of Related Literature 23
CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY
Design of the Study 25
Area of the Stud 26
Materials for the Study 26
Procedures for Constructing Traditional Laterite Earth Roof 27
Preparation of Specimens 29
Mixing of Materials 30
Specimen Preparation 31
Test on Samples 32
CHAPTER FOUR PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
Analysis of Research Questions 34
Research Question 1 34
Research Question 2 35
Research Question 3 36
Research Question 4 37
Findings of the Study 37
Discussion 38
CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Re-statement of the Problem 40
Summary of the Procedures Used 41
Summary of the Findings 41
Implications of the Study 41
Recommendations 43
Conclusions 42
Suggestions for Further Research 43
REFERENCES 44
APPENDICES 50
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Housing for citizens is one of the major challenges facing humankind in the 21st century. Although studies have shown that the problem of housing is universal, it is, however, more critical in less developed countries (LDCS) including Nigeria.
The challenge of housing is not particularly acute to the rural dwellers, it also affects the urban areas in many less developed countries, where expansion of the urban population due to the high population growth rate and a massive rural-urban drift have compounded the housing situation.
The urban slum mostly live in over-crowded housing which is usually self-made temporary structures, having effect on deteriorating urban infrastructures and social services (Diogu, 2002).
The need for adequate provision of housing facilities is increasing with increase in population and with the demand of maintenance of the existing ones. The search for local materials to supplement cement or partially replace it in most applications as evidenced by many researchers world-wide have become paramount.
In recent years, the potential for laterite earth as a valuable and desirable construction material is being rediscovered.
REFERENCES
Adam, E. A., & Agib, A. R. A. (2001).Compressed stabilized earth block manufacture in sudan. Printed by Graphoprint for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. France, Paris, UNESCO.
Adama, Y.A., & Jimoh, Y.A. (2011). Production and classification of locust bean pod ash (LBPA) as a pozzolan. Available at Retrieved on June 29, 2013 .
Adama, Y.A. (2010). A study of locust bean pod ash/extract as chemical stabilizer for road works in sub-tropical regions. PhD Progress Report No.2, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Adama, Y.A. , Jimoh, Y.A., & Kolo, S.S. (2013). Effect of locust bean pod ash on compaction characteristics of weak sub-grade soils. International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention. 7, 35-40.