– The Effect Of Leadership Styles And Entrepreneurial Orientation On The Business Performance Of Small And Medium Enterprises In Nigeria –

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of leadership style and entrepreneurial orientation on the business performance of small and medium enterprises in Nigeria. Leadership style and entrepreneurial orientation have been widely touted as a fundamental ingredient for enhancing firm growth.

Consequently, this aimed at examining the effect of leadership style and entrepreneurial orientation and its dimensional variables (innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness) on SME growth (employment, sales, and asset growth).

Using information from 150 SMEs, the results obtained indicated that while leadership style and entrepreneurial orientation had a significant positive association with SME growth (employment and sales growth), most SMEs show a moderate level of entrepreneurial orientation.

Also, following the leadership style and entrepreneurial orientation dimensions, the findings established the emergence of proactive innovation (a combination of proactiveness and innovativeness) which showed a significant positive association on sales growth.

Risk-taking was the only factor that showed a significant influence on employment and asset growth.

Based on the findings of this study it was recommended that organizations should adopt the democratic style of leadership and humane management practices in order to adequately commit the workforce to the work activities.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i
Declaration ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgements v
Abstract vi
Table of Contents vii
List of Tables x

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Background to the study 2
1.3 Statement of the problem 4
1.4 Objectives of the study 5
1.5 Research questions 5
1.6 Statement of the hypothesis 6
1.7 Significance of the study 6
1.8 Justification of the study 6
1.9 Scope of the study 7
1.10 Definitions of terms 7

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Conceptual frame work 11
2.3 Theoretical frame work 12
2.4 Definition of Entrepreneurship 16
2.5 Historical evolution of Small Scale Business in Nigeria 27

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 38
3.2 Research Philosophy 39
3.3 Research Approach 39
3.4 Data Collection Method 40
3.5 Methods of Data Analysis 42
3.6 Limitations of the study 43

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Results and Discussion 45
4.2 Respondents’ Socio- Demographic Characteristics 45
4.3 Discussion of Findings 49
4.4 Test of Hypothesis 63

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Introduction 65
5.2 Summary of findings 65
5.3 Conclusion 66
5.4 Recommendations 68
5.5 Proposal for further studies 69
References 70
Appendix 78

INTRODUCTION

An effective leader influences followers in a desired manner to achieve desired goals. Different leadership styles may affect organizational effectiveness or performance (Nahavandi, 2002); Entrepreneurs have become the heroes of economic development and contemporary enterprises (Sathe, 2003).

Entrepreneurial orientation is a commonly used measure in the literature (Morris & Kuratko, 2002). This concept is the presence of organizational-level entrepreneurship (Wiklund & Shepherd, 2005).

Some researchers have tried to combine the two concepts into entrepreneurial leadership to explore both leadership and entrepreneurship behavior (Gupta, MacMillan & Suriec 2004; Tarabishy, Solomon, Fernald & Sashkin, 2005). They have tried to combine entrepreneurship with leadership into a new form of leadership called entrepreneurial leadership.

This new leadership model has been used to show both entrepreneurship and leadership behavior (Tarabishy et al, 2005). In the dynamic, complex, and uncertain competitive environment, a type of entrepreneurial leader who is distinct from the behavioral form of leaders is needed (Cohen, 2004).

This study was designed to examine how leadership styles can affect the development and implementation of entrepreneurial orientation in Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria, SMEs exert a strong influence on the economies of Nigeria.

It also examines the effects of entrepreneurial orientation and leadership styles on business performance. The findings could contribute new knowledge in the fields of leadership and entrepreneurship, especially entrepreneurial leadership.

The development of entrepreneurship across cultures, economies and continents is an essential feature of economic change (Wright & Marlow, 2012). To date, entrepreneurship has become one of the major topics of discussion in the literature as it continues to grow both as a distinct academic discipline, and a recognized career (Alstete, 2008).

REFERENCES

Achanga, P, Shehab, E, Roy, R & Nelder, G (2006), ‘Critical success factors for lean implementation within SMEs’, Journal ofManufacturing Technology Management, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 460- 71.

Aloulou & Fayolle, (2005) Leadership Styles, and their Relationship With Quality Management Practices In Public Hospitals In Saudi Arabia, International Journal Of Economics And Management Sciences Vol. 1, No. 10, Pp. 59-67.

Alstete, (2008) Leadership And Gender In Public Relations: Perceived Effectiveness of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles. Journal of Public Relations Research, 16, Pp 157–183.

Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2004). Multifactor leadership questionnaire: Manual and sample set. (3rd ed.). Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden.

Baradart, (1999) Scale Development and Construct Clarification of Servant Leadership. Group & Organization Management, 31(3), 300-326.

Barrett & Mayson, (2006) Exploring the intersection of hrm and entrepreneurship: Guest Editors’ introduction to the Special Edition on HRM and Entrepreneurship. Human Resource Management Review, 16(4), 443–446.

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