Effects Of Different Organic Wastes On The Growth, Yield, Market Quality And Protein Content Of Lentinus Squarrosulus (Mont.) Singer, An Edible Nigerian Mushroom.
ABSTRACT
Four wastes; (Khaya ivorensis) sawdust (MSD), Gmelina aborea (GSD), oil palm fruit fibre (OPFF) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) were evaluated for their effects on growth, yield, quality and protein content of Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) Singer.
Plastic bag technology was used with treatments replicated ten times and arranged using a completely randomized design.
The quality of the harvested mushrooms was evaluated on the basis of four pileus diameter size groups (>7 cm, 5-7 cm, 3-5 cm, <3 cm) and a deformed group; while their protein analyses were carried out using Kjeldahl’s method.
on mushroom growth showed that fruit fibre (OPFF) took the least time for full mycelial colonization and the longest time occurred on Gmelina sawdust (GSD).
Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the time required for primordia initiation of mushrooms grown on oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), oil palm fruit fibre (OPFF) and Gmelina sawdust (GSD).
Results on mushroom yield revealed that mean fresh weights of harvested mushrooms varied from 4.12 ± 0.16 g on oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) to 16.05 ± 0.68 g on mahogany sawdust (MSD).
There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the biological efficiency of mushrooms grown on mahogany sawdust (MSD), Gmelina sawdust (GSD) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB).
Mahogany sawdust produced the highest quality mushrooms, with 26% in the >7 cm group while Gmelina sawdust (GSD) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) had none in the same quality group.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page ……………………………………………………………………….. i
Certification …………………………………………………………………….. ii
Dedication ………………………………………………………………………. iii
Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………… iv
Table of Content ………………………………………………………………… v
Abstract …………………………………………………………………………..vi
List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………..vii
List of Figures ……………………………………………………………………viii
List of Plates ………………………………………………………………………ix
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background …………………………………………………………………….1
1.2 Problem Statement ……………………………………………………………..3
1.3 Justification …………………………………………………………………….5
1.4 Objectives of the Study ………………………………………………………..6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW …………………………………..7
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1. Sources of Materials ……………………………………………………………12
3.2. Spawn Preparation ……………………………………………………………..12
3.3. Substrate Analysis ……………………………………………………………. 12
3.3.1. Lignin ………………………………………………………………. 12
3.3.2. Cellulose ……………………………………………………………. 13
3.4. Substrate Preparation …………………………………………………………. 13
3.5. Substrate Spawning and Incubation ………………………………………….. 15
3.6. Fruit Body Induction and Harvesting …………………………………………15
3.7. Determination of Mushroom Yield and Biological Efficiency ………………15
3.8. Determination of Mushroom Market Quality………………………………….22
3.9. Protein Analysis …………………………………………………………………22
3.1.0. Experimental Design and Data Analysis …………………………………….23
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS ……………………………………………………24
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION …………………………………………………35
REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………… 43
INTRODUCTION
Chang and Miles (1992) defined mushroom as a macrofungus with a distinctive fruiting body, which can be either epigenous (growing on or close to ground) or hypogenous (growing under the ground) and large enough to be visible to the naked eye and to be picked up by hand.
Thus, mushrooms need not be only basidiomycetes, or aerial or fleshy, or edible. Mushrooms can be ascomycetes, grow underground, have a non-fleshy texture and need not be edible (Chang, 2008).
Mushrooms are widespread in nature and since earliest recorded history; humans have viewed them as a special kind of food, savoring the delicious flavours and acknowledging the nutritional value of this special group of fungi (Chang and Buswell, 1996).
Mushrooms have long been appreciated for their flavour and texture, and some for medicinal and tonic attributes. However, recognition that they are nutritionally a very good food and physiologically an important potential source of biologically active compounds of medicinal value is much more recent (Chang, 1996).
It is now known that mushrooms are rich in high quality protein, contain a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids and have a nucleic acid content low enough to allow daily use as a form of vegetable (Chang, 1996).
Moreover, latter-day application of modern analytical techniques has, in a number of cases, provided a scientific basis for assigning medicinal value through the identification of various mushroom derived compounds including anti-cancer, anti-viral, immunopotentiation, hypocholesterolemia and hepatoprotective agents (Liu et al., 1995).
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