INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT PROGRAM IN UMUEBE FARMS LTD

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       Introduction

1.1       History of SIWES

1.2       Aim and Objectives of SIWES

1.3       Management of SIWES

1.4       Attachment company (Farm) Background

1.5       Location of the farm

1.6       Vision and mission statement

1.7       Comparative advantage/strength

1.8       Objective of the farm

1.9       Farm concept

2.0       Organogram of the farm

2.1       Functions of the organizational chart

CHAPTER TWO

2.2       practical activities perform during the industrial attachment programme

2.3       Major activities

2.4       Management, Account/supply section

2.5       Filling of ledger

2.6       Income ledger

2.7       Expenditure ledger

2.8       Preparation of voucher

2.9       Record keeping

3.0       Apirary (Book keeping) section

3.1       Harvest of Riped honey comb

3.2       Processing of the harvested honey comb

3.3       Processing to honey bees wax

3.4       Processing of Honey wine/beer (mead)

3.5       Bee products and uses

            Honey medicine

            Hone as raw material

            Bees was

            Propolis

            Royal jelly

            Bee pollen

            Bee venom

3.6             Crop production Section

3.7             Budding of citrus

3.8             Spraying activities

3.9             Nursery bed establishment

4.0             Transplanting seedling

4.1             Planting of crops

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                              INTRODUCTION

The Industrial Attachment Program fulfils part of the requirement in pursuing the degree of Bachelor of Agric in Ebonyi State University. This report serves to summarize the activities and experiences gained with Umuebe farms limited Ezzamgbo Ohukwu L.G.A Ebonyi State.

1.1       HISTORY OF SIWES

            The government’s decree No 47 of 8^th October, 1971 as amended in 1990, highlighted the capacity building of human resources in industry commerce and government through training and retraining of workers in order to effectively provide the much needed high quality goods and services in a dynamic economy as ours.

This decree led to the establishment of Industrial Training fund (ITF) in 1973/1974. The growing concern among our industrialist that graduates of our institutions of higher learning lack adequate practical background studies preparatory for employment in industries, led to the formation of students Industrial work Experience Scheme (SIWES) by ITF in 1993/1994. ITF has as one of its key functions; to work as cooperative entity with industry and commerce where students in institutions of higher learning can undertake mid-career work experience attachment in industries which are compatible with student’s area of study. The students industrial Work-Experience scheme (Siwes) is a skill training programme designed to expose and prepare students of Agriculture, Engineering, Technology, environmental science, medical sciences and pure and applied sciences for the industrial work situation which they are likely to meet after graduation. Duration of SIWES is four months in polytechnics at the end of NDI, four months in college of Education at the end of NCEII and six months in universities at the end of 300, or 400 or 500 levels depending on the discipline.

1.2       AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

            The SIWES scheme is aimed at exposing students to real life working enviroment enabling them to put into practice what  they have learnt in class, making them understand the technical implication of their profession as well as teaching them competence, standard and professionalism.

The objectives of SIWES among others includes to ;

*          Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery not available in their institutions.

*          Prepare students for the industrial works situation which they are likely to meet after graduation.

*          Provide students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in real work situation thereby bridging the gap between theories and practices.

*          Provide an a venue for students in situations of higher learning to acquire industrial skills and experience in their approved course of study.

1.3       MANAGEMENT OF SIWES

            The bodies involved are:

Federal Government, industrial Training Fund (ITF), other supervising Agencies are National University Commission (NUC), National Board for Technical Education (NBTE), and National council for colleges of  Education (NCCE). The functions of these agencies above include among others to:

*          Ensure adequate funding of the scheme;

*          Formulate polices and guideline for participating bodies and institutions as well as appointing SIWES coordinators and supporting staff;

*          Establish SIWES and accredit SIWES unit in a proposed institutions;

*          Supervise students at their places of attachment and sign their log-book and ITF forms;

1.4       ATTACHMENT COMPANY BACKGROUND

            Attached company – Umuebe farms Limited Umuebe farms ltd is a privately held Nigerian limited liability company, founded by Dr. Sam O. Egwu former democratically elected governor of Ebonyi state, a crops scientist at University of Nigeria Nsukka. The company was incorporated in Nigeria on the 6^th October 2005 with registration No RC637507 although started properly in the year 2004 with focus to encourage, develop and sharpen interest in professional agricultural and agro-allied enter prices as noble and profitable ventures, thereby cobbling the problem of food insecurity in Nigeria. The company has extensive experience in both agriculture and agro-allied enterprises and play deep in the entire system life-cycle of the economy.

1.5       LOCATION

            Umuebe farms L.t.d is located at Umuebe village in izhiangbo, headquarters of Ohaukwu Local Government Area, in Ebonyi State. Izhiangbo is situated on the Enugu-Abakaliki express way about 59 kms from Enugu and 21km from Abakaliki, capital of Ebonyi State Nigeria. Umuebe village in the administrative or operational farm headquaerts while other out- stations include satellite farm A, satellite farm B, satellite farm C all located at Oji-ogha Road, Ntsuraakpa, Izhiangbo and Okpoto palm plantation and mill located at Ekeri loguegbe, Okpoto, Ishielu Local Government Area.

            For more information send them an email, email address:umuebefarmslimited@yahoo.com or call these lines.

1.6       VISION AND  MISSION STATEMENT

            Vision: To be a premier agri-business skills enterprise centre of excellence, growing middle level man power and developing value chain in agri-business and entrepreneurship.

Mission statement: To demonstrate organized agro-production and provide top-class hands-on training to committed agri-business entrepreneurs using up-to-date production techniques and local resources with a view to restoring professionalism and strengthening the value chain in agri-business and related enterprises.

1.7       COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE/STRENGTH

            To actualize these vision and mission an Institution – Umuebe farms college approved by Federal ministry of Education and National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) is attached to the farm for the purpose of using the farm facilities to train for the purpose of using the farm facilities to train interested people world wide on modern Agricultural practices. The primary aim is to equip the trainees practically to be on their own after drilling them through a designed programme of the college.

1.8       OBJECTIVES

            The main objectives of the farm project among others include to  

–           Provide opportunities and training facilities for entrepreneurs.

–           Offer facilities to graduate trainee, researchers and extension workers to practice.

–           Encourage, develop and sharpen interested professionals in agriculture and agro-allied enterprises as noble and profitable ventures.

–           Train and equip middle-level man-power in agri-business production.

–           Serve as reference data bank for local and regional agrio-business information.

1.9       FARM CONCEPT

The farm is a conceptualized closed system of mixed farming and mixed cropping operations with forward and backward linkages the major enterprises involved include;

Animal Husbandry section

–           Piggery

–           Cattle rearing

–           Micro-live stock rearing (snails)

–           Poultry

Apiary (Bee keeping) section

–           Natural honey production

–           Bees wax production

–           Production of beekeeping equipment etc

1.9       FISHERY/FISH FARMING) SECTION

1.10    CROP PRODUCTION SECTION

*          Orchard crops-citrus, mango, pineapple

*          Plantation crops – oil pal, coconut, plantain etc

*          Arable crops – maize, pepper, cucumber etc

MANAGING DIRECTOR

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GENERAL MANAGER

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ACCOUNTANT

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UNIT SUPERVISORS

1.11    FUNCTIONS OF THE FARM ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

1.         Managing Director (MD): He is the general overseer and takes all the responsibility of the farm.

2.         General Manager (GM): He is  the make the decision maker, takes responsibility of the outcome.

3.         Supervisors: They are those individuals that takes responsibilities in different sectors of the farm. Workers together with the manager.

4.         Farm accountant: He takes the responsibility of recording, analyzing an interpretation of financial statement of the farm.

5.         Cashier: Works with the accountant  as well as releases the cash as when ado.

6.         Foreman: They are the staff that serves as pioneer in a group.

7.         Attendance: They are those who serves as staff in different section in the farm.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0       PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES PERFORMED

            The activities performed during my industrial attachment program in Umuebe farms Ltd are categorized into

2.1       A.        MAJOR ACTIVITIES AND

            B.        MINOR ACTIVITIES

These activities were performed in the following sections/departments in the farm.

There include

–           Management, account &supply section

–           Apiary section

–           Crop production section

–           Fishery/snailery section

–           Piggery/cattle section

2.3       MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNT/SUPPLY SECTION

            The following was the major activities performed in this section during my industrial attachment.

2.4       FILLING THE LEDGER

            Ledger means a financial statement that shows daily, weekly or monthly transaction made. Ledger summarizes at the transaction made in the farm. In Umuebe terms ltd, there are basically two forms of ledger kept in farm

(i)        Income ledger

(ii)       Expenditure ledger.

2.5       INCOME LEDGER

            This type of ledger record all forms of revenue accrued to the farm. This can be prepared daily, weekly monthly or even yearly.

            In Umuebe farms ltd,  it was prepared on monthly basis

Table 1: Format for income ledger of Umuebe farms ltd.

S/n	Date	Particulars	Control N	Honey	Maize	Plantain	Cattle	Boar
1	02/11/12	Sales of hones	2000	200
2	5/11/12	Sales of boar	3500					35000
3	7/11/12	Sales of weaners	6000
4	9/11/12	Sales of maize	4900		4900
5	12/11/12	Sales of plantain	8050			8050
6	14/11/12	Sales of honey	4200
7	16/11/12	Sales of cattle	110000	2000	4900	8050	110000
8	17/11/12	Sales of citrus	3600
9	19/11/12	Sales of guava	500
		Total	174250	2000	4900	3050	110000	35000

2.6       EXPENDITURE LEDGER

            It summarize all the expenses incurred in the day to day run of the farm, it shows various expenses and their financial equivalent.

Table 2 Format for expenditure ledger of Umuebe farms ltd.

s/n	Date	Particulars	Control  N	Feed ingredient N	Agro chemical  N	Transport	Drug
1	01/9/12	Purchase of 1 trip of spent grain	50000	50000
2	3/9/12	Purchase Agro chemical	12500		1250
3	4/9/12	Purchase of premix	5200				5200
4	5/9/12	Transportation of Okpoto	4000			400
5	6/9/12	Welding of tractor	2500
6	6/9/12	Purchase of 20 bags of soybeans	1800	1800
7	7/9/12	Repair of tractor type	1600
8	8/9/12	Drug for pig	1450				1450
		Total	79050	59800	12500	4000	10650

2.7       PREPARATION OF VOUCHER FOR STAFF SALARY

Voucher means written receipt, acquaintance or release that serve as evidence of payment or discharge of a debt or to certify the correctness of account. In Umuebe farms L.t.d, vouchers are prepared monthly.

Table 3 Format for the staff staff salary voucher in Umuebe farms:

2.9       RECORD KEEPING

            Farm record and account have been identified as a technical tools in efficient farm management and growth, as a  student of agricultural economics, I actively participated in farm record and management. Farm record involve record keeping organized in a systematic way. This involve record of daily activities of the farm which may be physical or finical aspect. Below are some format of records kept in Umuebe farms l.t.d during my industrial training  attachment.

2.10    APIARY (BEEKEEPING) SECTION

            Below are the major activities performed in this section of the farm during my SIWES program;

2.11    HARVEST OF RIPPED HONEYCOMB

MATERIAL USED Hive tool, harvesting bucket with lid, quipped smoker, bee suit and veil, rubber hand groove, boot and harvesting knife.

Procedure;

            The bee suit, veil and rubber hand groove was putted on, the smoker was equipped with dried palm inflorecesence which produce smoke used to control aggressiveness of the honey bees. Hives stored with riped and sealed honeycomb was identified, the equipped smoker was used to smoke inside the hive to control the bees. The crown board was removed and introduced some smoke inside the hive. After that, the fully stored combs on the frames was cut into the harvesting bucket and covered immediately with the lid tightly to prevent honey bees from following the combs. These process was continued until the ripped comber exhausted. After harvesting from each hive (Langstroth) arrange the trams and cover the root.

2.12    PROCESSING OF HARVESTED RIPPED HONEY COME

In Umuebe farms l.t.d, the method used in processing of harvested honey comb was dripping method

Material used

30 liters processing bucket, sieve, basket, uncapping spoon and 20 liters gallons.

Method

            The sieve was loosely tied on the processing plastic basket placed on top of  30liters processing bucket. The uncapping spoon was used to gently remove the cap used to seal the stored honey in the comb. After series of uncapping the sealed comb, allow the uncapped comb to gently drip down the collecting bucket under the basket. These process continued until all the harvested honey was re-fined by doubling the sieve. After refining the honey are safe for use, it  was then packed in a 20 liters gallons ready for packaging.

2.13    HONEY BEES WAX PROCESSING

Material used:

            Extracted honey comb, processing pot, oven, sieve, collecting bucket, stirrer, mould, water and big spoon.

 Procedure

            The extracted (processed) honey comb was soaked in water after about 6-7 days wash the extracted comb thoroughly to remove honey that was not properly removed during the initial honey processing. This was to avoid breakage of the wax after processing. After washing, the extracted comb was introduced into a boiling water. Allow  the mixture to thoroughly boil together until about 20 minutes, when the mixture show some yellowish substance (wax).

            Then the big spoon was used to sculp the mixture in the pot into the sieve that was tightly tied on the collecting bucket until the content in the pot was exhausted. Then pour into a mould and allowed to cooled for 24 hours. After that, the moulded wax was floating on top of the water. Then it was brought out and washed thoroughly. Note, the bees wax can be used as honey bee attractant by baiting it in and around the hive (bee man-made home).

2.14    HONEY WINE/BEER (MEAD) PROCESSING,

            Honey wine otherwise called mead is an alcoholic drink of fermented honey comb and water.

Material used:

Extracted honey comb, water, bucket sieve

Procedure:

Pour the extracted honey comb into a bucket with little quantity of water that was added to factiliate the fermentation process. The lid was used to cover the bucket and its content tightly. The mixture was allowed to ferment for also at 14 to 15 days. With the aid sieve, the content was sieved and the collected liquid content is known as Honey wine, otherwise called mead. It was then packaged in some plastic table water bottles.

Note: This product (honey wine) act as food for consumption as well as for sale.

2.15    BEE PRODUCT AND THEIR USES

The following products are benefits of beekeeping:

(i)        Honey: Honey can act as food, medicine and raw material

(a)       As food – it can act blood builder, growth food, energy food, stimulant and tonic.

(b)       As medicine – it can treat all respiratory diseases (cough, asthma, bronchitis, tuberculosis), perfect healer of all kind of wound (ulcer, burns or surgery). As antibiotic, antiviral, promote fertility, toxicities as well as anemia.

(c)       As raw material – for cake and bread making, cream and soap and act as preservative etc.

(ii)       Beeswax:       It is useful in production of candle, shoe softening, shoe polish, textile, dental clinic, electricity as insulator cosmetics crayon for beautification etc

(iii)     Propolis:        It is used for making turpentine, paints malaria remedy, maternal swellings etc

(iv)      Royal Jelly:   Highly portentous used for restoring health, improving fecundity, isometrics, facial creams, skin conditioners etc.

(v)       Pollen: very high in protein, vitamin, fats, minerals and acid as capsules and tablets.

(vi)      Bee venom: Treats all nervous system disease (rheumatism arthritis, multiple sclerosis.

2.16    CROP PRODUCTION SECTION

            In this unit, the following are the major operations carried out in the farm.

2.17    BUDDING OF CITRUS

Budding – this is the unite of a bud with a stock commonly used to multiply tree crops such as roller, cocoa etc. it was opportune to practice budding of two specie of citrus i.e rough lemon (stock/and sweet orange bud)

Material used:

Rough lemon (stock), SWEET ORANGE (BUD), budding knife, budding tape, secateur, petroleum jelly;

PROCEDURE

            The dormant bud was cut from a matured branch, about two years old. The bark of the stock was carefully cut opened in a T-Shaped form with a budding knife. The bud was inserted into the opening on the bark of the stock with the node facing upward. The united citrus was tightly bound into position with the budding tape leaving the node open. The pet volume jelly was robbed on the surface to prevent air passing through. The budded crop started shooting after some weeks. When the shoot was well established, the branches of the stock above the bud was carefully cut off and the wound painted to avoid fungal and bacteria infection.

2.18  SPRAYING ACTIVITY

            This activity involved the use of chemical (herbicide and pesticide) to control the stubborn activities of the weeds and pests. I effectively participated in this activity, where I was taught how to mix chemicals and water at proper proportion. This spraying activity was carried out in plantation crops, arable, orchard and also pests.

Table 4 Showing various chemicals used in the farm.

S/N      Chemical                                           Function

1.         Dimethoate                                       Used to control pests

2.         Biosate (Glyphosate 4%)                A non-selective systemic herbicide

for control of annual and perennial grasses and broad leaf

3.         Para quite                                          Systems herbicide used to control

herbs.

4.         Delsate                                                A systemic herbicide used as pre-

emergent herbicide.

2.18    NURSERY BED ESTABLISHMENT

Material used;

Hoe, Garden fork, cutlass, cultivator, Animal dung.

Method

The site was cleared with cutlass, tilled with hoe, harrowed using cultivator and garden fork. The animal dung was incorporated in the soil turned with the aid of garden fork. Cultivator was used to make furrow in form of drill. The seeds was introduced to the soil and covered lightly with top soil.

2.20    TRANSPLANTING OF SEEDLING                          

Activity – Transplanting of Nsukka pepper material; Nsukka pepper seedlings, garden fork, hand trowel, shovel, hand pan and cutlass procedure;

            After the site (bed) preparation, the bed was marked out into planting distance, of 60 cm x 60 cm apart up root the seedlings and transferred to the site using hand trowel. This transplanting activity was done at the early hours of the day.

2.21    Plating of Crops’

            During the industrial attachment in the farm, some crops was planted.

Table 5: Shows different crops that was planted materials used, seed rate and planting distance.

S/N	Crops	Spacing	Seed rate	Tools used
2	Nsukka pepper	One seedling per stand	60cm x 60cm	Garden fork, tape cultivater, hoe, cutlass
3	Maize	2 per stand 2 per stand	50cm x50cm
4	Cucumber	2 per tend	1m x 1m
5	Okro		60cm x 45cm

2.22    FISHERY/SNAILERY SECTION

            The specie of fish reared in Umuebe farms ltd is known as catfish (Dutch hollandisch). They are reared in the concrete pond with dimension 10m x 5m with carrying capacity of about 10,000 fingerlings. They also have an earthen pond with dimension 8m x 5m. Below are the major activities performed during my industrial attachment program in this unit.

STOCKING OF FINGERLINGS

Catish (Dutch hollandisch) is a specie found in fresh water habitant with comparative advantage of enough muscular body. Stocking of fish was done as followed.

Procedure:

            The fingerlings was brought in a perforated 50 liters gallons with little quantity of water. It was gently turned into some big bowls containing water. Some sachet of fish vit plus (an antistress, multivitamin, amino acid and mineral for fishes) was added to boost feed efficiency, growth control of stress situation as a result of bacterial diseases, transportation and sorting. The pond was tested to check the level of acidity and alkality of the pond (water). Note: catfish perform optimal in alkaline medium ((8 to 8.5) to acidic medium. The fingerlings in the big bowl was gently introduced to the pond (concrete).

FISH FEED FORMULATION

            Feed formulation is all about proper mixing of feed ingredients in a proper proportion to meet all the nutritional requirement . In Umuebe farms ltd, feed formulation was done mechanically use of machine such as grinder mixer, wet mixer, pelleting machine and drier.

Method of formulation

            The method used in fish feed formulation in Umuebe farms ltd was by use of machine. It involved, packing the ingredients into the grinds to crush it into fine particles. The grinded particular was transferred into the mixer.

            After that to the wet-mixer where little quantity of water was added to moisten the particles the feed water was added to moisten the particular. The feed water transferred to the pelleting machine that modified the feeds in pellets such as 6mm and 8mm sizes. The pelleted feed was packed into the drier (machine with an electric motor and oven) to reduce the moisture content of the formulated fish feed. It was then packaged into a 15kg fish feed bags.

Grinding of  the ingredients (by the grinder

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Mixing of the grinded ingredient (In the mixer)

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Wet mixing of the gradient (by wet mixer)

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Pelleting of the feed (by the pelleting machine)

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Drying of the feed

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Packaging (15kg bags)

Flowchart of the fish feed formulation of Umuebe farms limited

COMPOSITION OF FISH FEED

The nutritional composition are made up of energy source, protein, vitamin, mineral for proper growth and resistance to diseases.

Table 6: Shows the description of feed ingredient and their various quantities used in fish formulation in Umuebe farms limited.

S/N	DESCRIPTION	QUANTITY (KG)
1	Maize	300
2	GNC (groundnut)	260
3	Biscuit waste	190
4	oyster shell	10
5	Fishmeal 72%	194
6	Methionine	1
7	Lysine	1
8	Fish premix	2.5
9	O.T.C	1.25
10	Vitamin c supper	1.25
11	Merament plus	1.25
12	Salt	3

Total composition ® 1005.25kg

Sorting of Fish

Sorting means separation of the fishes into different sizes.

Material used

Fish net, sculp net, big and small bowls, basket net, fish vit plus (anti stress as a result sorting).

Procure;

The volume of water in the pond was reduce to enable the fish to be caught with the aid of fish net and the sculp net.  The captured fishes was poured into the big bowl where there were separated to different sizes using the small bowl. The fishes was sorted  into big, medium and small sizes and was introduced back to their respective ponds according to their sizes. Fish vit plus (antistress as a result of sorting) was added and later fresh water was filled to the adequate level defending their sizes.

2.23    SNAILERY

            The specie of snail reared in Umuebe farms limited is known as African Giant Land Snail (Achatina achatina). It is reared in an artificially created natural enviroment called snail hutch. Snails are vegetarian and will accept virturlly  many varieties of food.

Table 7:         Different feeds for snail and their examples. These was fed to snails in Umuebe farms Ltd.

s/n	Feeds	Example
1	Leaves/weeds	Leaucina, centrosema, telfera a Ahuji, waterleaf, pawpaw, Okra, cocoyam.
2	Tubers	Cocoyam, sweet potato, cassava, yam.
3	Grains	Maize chaff or pap.
4	Fruits	Banana, egg plant, mango pawpaw, cucumber, pear, oil palm all sliced.

Note

Snails reach their maturity fat the age of 4 to 8 months or at 90to B5g weight depending on how they are feed.

*          To enhance their growth, snails are provided with mixture (different ) food rather than only one food item.

*          Snails avoid hairy plants and plant that produce defensive chemicals

Table 8: shows chemical that are poisonous to snails.

S/N	Chemicals
1	Chlorinated treated water with alum or any other chemical
2	Law cement
3	Solignum that is used to treat wood against termites
4	Kerosene
5	Poultry feeds mixed with lysine, methionine and or vitamin premix.

Table 9 shows animals that are dangerous to snails

1	Snakes
2	Forest spiders
3	Birds/turkeys, ducks
4.	Hawks
5	Lizard
6.	Frogs
7	Rats
8	Man

2.24    LIVESTOCK SECTION

Livestock section are divided into two major units in Umuebe farms limited.

Cattle

Piggery

My major activities  that was performed in piggery unit. They include;

2.25    FEED FORMULATION

The method of feed formulation or compounding is manual. That is locally compounded feed with local resources (ingredients).In piggery  unit feed are formulated based on the classes of pigs. ie (a) Weaner stock feeds (b) Breeding and grower stock feeds:

Table 9: shows different feed ingredients and their composition for breeding and growers stocks in Umuebe farms limited.

S/No	Feed ingredient	% composition
1	Spent grains (Brewery waste)	45
2	Soya beans	5
3	Rice dust	15
4	Palm kernel cake (PKC)	15
5	Maize (Akumu chaff	5
6	Cassava peel	5
7	Bone meal	2
8	Salt	1
9	Fruits	1
	Total composition  =	94%

Table 10 showing different feed ingredients and their compost ion for weaner’s stock in Umuebe farms limited.

S/N	Feed ingredients	% composition
1	Spent beans	40
2	Soya beans	20
3	Rice dust	10
4	Palm  kernel cake	15
5	Maize (Akumu chaff)	5
6	Cassava peel	5
7	Bone meal	2
8	Salt	1
9	Fruit cucumber sliced	1

Total composition    =          99%

Table  11 showing description of feed ingredients and their functions.

S/N	Feed ingredients	% composition
1	Spend grains	Energy source that is made up of brewery waste such as wheat, maize
2	Soya bean	It is a protein source from plant for replacing worn-out tissue.
3	Rice dust	Energy source, mineral, vitamin
4	Maize	Carbohydrate and some vitamins.
5	Palm kernel cake pkc	For lipid and little protein
6	Bone meal	Provide calcium and iron in pigs
7	Salt	mineral(sodium chloride Nacl provide energy.
8	Cassava peel	Provide energy
9	Fruit	Minerals and vitamins

2.26    CASTRATION OF PIGLETS

Castration simply means the removal of testicles of a male animal. It is preferably done at the early life of the animal about 2-3 weeks old.

2.27    AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF CASTRATION IN ANIMAL

–           It prevent transmission of unwanted genes.

–           It prevent transmission of vernal diseases material used;

Material used; Surgical blade, razor blade, hand groove, cotton wool, disinfectant, forcept, syringe chemicals like lidocaine, procaine and hand bowl.

Procedure;

            The hand groove was putted on to prevent transmission of the infections disease. Disinfectant was added in a hand bowl containing water. The young boar was stretched on the operational table and held firmly by three attendants, in addition to the operator. The disinfected water was used to wash thoroughly the scrotal area to soften the area as well as check pathogens. The rectum temperature was determined by inserting the thermometer and left for some minutes. It was 39.60C. The scrotal area was shaved. 1ml lidocaine (anaestheties) was injected on the base and on the scrotum to immobilize the piglet. A surgical blade was used to make an icision on the scrotum exposing the testicles. The forceps was used to hold the testicle and was litigated with chronic cat gut and cut one after the other. Cotton wool soaked in hydrogen peroxide was used to clean up the area to avoid infections 1 ml of procaine was injected for quick healing of the wound.

2.28    VACCINATION/TREATMENT

            Vaccination is the introduction of organism, bacterial or vaccine into an animal to enable it produced antibodies against diseases.

Table12  showing list of vaccines used in Umuebe farms limited during my industrial attachment  program in piggery unit.

s/n	Vaccine	Dosage	Function
1	Oxytetracycline	1ml/20kg	Prevent bacterial infection
2	Ivomectin	3 ml/20kg	For deworming
3	Levermisole	3 ml/20kg	Prevent helminthic
4	Iron dextran	1ml/1okg	Prevent anaemia
5.	Adamacine	2ml/40kg	Prevent kakis

OTHER ACTIVITIES PERFORMED INCLUDE

–           Attending seminar/ Agric show

–           Colony division

–           Field inspection

–           Queen caging

–           Draining/scrubbing ^the pond.

–           Feeding the fish

–           Gathering feed for snail

–           watering of the snail hutch

–           Irrigation of crops

–           Harvesting

2.29    ATTENDING SEMINAR/AGRIC EXHIBITION(SHOW)

            I was a participant is a two day Agric exhibition and seminar organized by southeastern all farmers of Nigeria. Sixth edition of their annual programme held at monodotel hotel off-opkara  avenue Enugu,Enugu state Nigeria.

2.30    COLONY DIVISION

            As the name implies, colony division is the act of  creating a new colony from an existing one. It became necessary, If the existing colony show some signs such as

i.          Presence of drone in the colony

ii.         Queen cell or cells in the colony

It the above signs are seen in a colony, there is every need to embank on colony division else it can lead to (1) swarming (Movement or flying away of group of bees) or (2) absconding (total move away of bees from their live). Remember that colony that is preparing to swarm is looking home; you can give them that home

Field inspection

            This activity was done in Apiary unit. It involve (1) external field inspection and (2) internal fields inspection. It is done forthnightly to ascertain or check the activities of bees both externally and internally. It helps to detect if there is change in the normal activities of the honeybees. It is the responsibility of every honey beekeepers to check there hive often so as to avoid the pain of losing a very strong colony to swarming or absconding.

2.31    QUEEN CAGING

            This activity is done when there is need to raise queen bees. It involve locating the queen bee and cage her inside the queen kit where her movement are limited, inside the kit are some artificial cells where she lays the eggs and the beekeeper will introduce the eggs into an artificial queen cells, where the worker bees synthesizes royal jelly used to feed them as destined queens until eggs hatches out into a new queen bee and is used raise another colony.

2.32    DRAINING/SCROBBING OF THE POND

            This activity involve reducing the level of water in the pond and the use of brush and salt to scrobe the wall and floor of the fish pond to remove the hard accumulated green-algae that compete for oxygen availability and circulation in the pond. After the removal clean and fresh water was added and some sachet of fish vit plus (an anti-stress, multivitamin, amino acid and mineral for fishes) was added.

2.33    FEEDING OF FISH

The importance of feed  cannot be over emphasized. In Umuebe farms limited, at the early stage of the fishes the type of feed used was on imported fish feed called cuppenes with different diameters such as 1.5mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4.5mm and at the advanced 6mm,8mm and 9mm of local fish feed called vital feed was used to feed to fish three time daily.

2.34    WATERING OF THE SNAIL HUTCH

            As the dry spell set in toward November, there was need to irrigate the snail hutch since snail need a very warm and calm environment to thrive, watering of the hutch was done every morning

2.35    IRRIGATION OF CROPS

This activity was done in the late maize and the Nsukka pepper farm, newly cultivated cucumber inclusive. It was done every morning.

2.36    HARVESTING

            Harvesting of some farm produce such as cucumber, early maize, okra, Nsukka pepper, citrus (lemon, shaddock and sweet  orange), Guava, plantain, banana etc was also done during my industrial attachment program in Umuebe farm limited.

2.37    ECONOMIC COST ANALYSIS IN LIVESTOCK (ANIMAL

SECTION)

Table 13:  Fixed cost

S/N	Items	Qty	Unit price N	Total price N
1	Boreholes	5	50,000	250,000
2	Wheel barrow	2	5000	10,000
3	Fish pond	3	50,000	150,000
4	Hives	76	4000	432,000
5	Generator	1	120,000	120,000
6	Buildings	8	350,000	2,8000.00
7	Hose	3	3000	90000
8	Bullets(bowl) busket	15	300	4500
9	Spade/shovel	10	800	8000
10	Cutlasses/hoe	13	950	12350
11	Line rental & main tenancy fee	–	–	15000
	TFC			3687850

TABLE 14 SHOWING VARIABLE COST OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR LIVESTOCK (ANIMAL) SECTION

S/N	Items	Unit	Qty	Unit price N	Total price N
1	Feeds	Kg	750	150	1,125000
2	Labour Cost	Mandays			10000
3	Transportations				21,050
4	Maintenance of machineries & equipment				4500
5	Drugs/vaccines
6	Diesel/fuel	Litre	60	120	1000
7	Disinfectant				7200
8	Syringe				3900
9	Repairing of pens				1150
10	Brooms		7	50	4100
11	Cement		2	1650	350
12	Hand glove	Kg	12	300	3300
13	Nose mask		12	50	3600
	TVC                                                                            1185750

TABLE 15: RETURNS FROM LIVESTOCK SECTION FROM JULY TO DECEMBER        

Month	Items sold	Qty	Unit price N	Total price N
July	Honey	21kg	2000	42000
	Bee was	–	–	4200
	Pork	36kg	900	32400
	Growers	11	15000	165000
	Culled sow	2	45000	90000
	Weaners	16	5800	92800
	Barrow	1	34000	34000
	Boar	1	39500	39500
	Cattle	2	96500	193000
Sub total				1048400
August	Weaners	25	5500	137500
	Culled sow	3	43500	130500
	Growers	9	16000	144000
	Barrow	1	33500	33500
	Pork	39kg	900	35100
	Cattle	1	105,500	105,500
	Bee was	–	–	3900
	Honey	15kg	2000	30000
Sub-total				620000

Month	Items sold	Qty	Unit price N	Total price N
September	Snails	35	500	17500
	Bee was	–	–	4700
	Honey	27	2000	45000
	Cattle	2	100000	200,000
	Culled sow	2	50000	100000
	Boar	2	38500	77000
	Weaners	34	6000	204000
	Growers	14	16500	231000
Sub-total				888200
October	Snails	21	500	10500
	Bee was	–	–	6600
	Honey	33kg	200	66000
	Boar	1	36000	36000
	Culled sow	2	385000	77000
	Growers	13	16500	214500
	Weaners	25	6000	150000
	Barrow	2	36500	73000
	Honey wine	5kg	500	2500
Sub-total				636100
636100

Month	Items sold	Qty	Unit price N	Total price N
November	Fish (catfish)	32kg	900	28800
	Snails	28	500	14000
	Bee was	–	–	8050
	Honey	36kg	2000	72000
	Boar	2	38500	77000
	Culled sow	2	41500	83000
	Honey wine	15kg	500	7500
	Weaners	31	6200	192200
	Barrow	2	372000	74400
	Growers	22	16500	363000
Sub-total				919950
December	Fish (catfish)	120kg	900	108000
	Snails	25	500	12500
	Bee wax	–	–	10500
	Honey  wine	21kg	500	10500
	Honey	2	2000	78000
	Culled row	2	45500	91000
	Boar	41/kg	40000	80000
	Pork	35	900	36900
	Weaners	29	6500	227500
	Growers		16500	478500
	Barrow	2	40000	80000
Sub-total				1213400

Total cost                   =          N4853600

Total revenue            =          N10484000+ N620000

+          N888200 + N636100 + N919950 + N1213400

=          N5,326050

But

Gross margin (GM)  =          TR – TVC

:. N5326050 – N1185758

Gross margin (GM) = N4140292

However

Profit Ù           =          TR-TC

N5326050  –  N4853600

= N472453

:. Profit(Ù)     =          N472453

4.2       ECONOMIC COST ANALYSIS OF FIXED COST IN CROP

PRODUCTION SECTION

TABLE 16: FIXED COST

S/N	Items	Unit	Qty	Unit price N	Total price N
1	Land	Ha	10	150,000	1,500,000
2	Tractor	–	1	172000	172000
3	Disc plough		1	32000	32000
4	Hoe		5	450	2250
5	Garden fish		4	350	1400
6	Cutlass		15	350	8250
7	Cultivator		8	550	1200
8	Knapsack		4	4500	18000
9	Sprayer
10	Rainbow		8pair	250	2000
11	Hose		3	3000	9000
12	Boreholes		5	30000	250000
13	Wheel		2	5000	10000
	TFC			2,996100

TABLE 17: VARIABLES COST (INPUTS)

S/N	INPUT	Qty	Unit price N	Total price N
1	Pepper Seeds	2 tins	500	1000
2	Maize seeds	5 sachet	450	2250
3	Okra seeds	I sahet	150	150
4	Cucumber seeds	5 sachet	350	350
5	Herbicides	14 cartons	3500	3500
6	Pesticides	Car tons	250	2500
7	Fertilizes	35 begs	3200	3200
8	Transportation		850	8550
	Labour
	Ploughing		–	12500
	Fertilizer			2500
	Application
	Chemical			1500
	Application
	Needing			3800
	Harvesting			2000

TABLE 18: FIXED COST

S/N	Items	Unit	Qty	Unit price N	Total price N
1	Citrus	–	–	–	105000
2	Palm produce	–	–	–
3	Plantain
4	Maize	kg	6851	20	101000
5	Banana	kg	1592	50	1325000
6	Cucumber	kg	1821	100	137020
7	Coconut	kg	2912	50	79600
8	Guova	kg	1493	50	74650
9	Okro	kg	1664	100	1594000
10	Pepper	kg	1967	200	393400
11	Water leaf	–	–	–	5500
12	Pawpaw	kg	2425	50	121250
13	pineapple	kg	950	70	66500
	TR			4877620

TC       =          TFC     +          TVC

TC       =          N200600 + N217300

TC       =          N2223400

But

Tr        =          N40877620

SO,

Gross Margin (gm)               =          tr-tr

:.4877620 – 217300

Gross margin (GM) = N4660320

However,

Profit x           =                      TR       –           TC

N4877620 – N2223400

Profit (x)        =                      TR       –           RC

N4877620     –                       N2223400

Profit (x)        =                      N2644200

2.37    CONSTRAINS/OBSERVATION

            The following are the challenges faced in the course of my industrial attachment programme in Umuebe farms limited.

1.         Just like other industries/companies in Nigeria, the epileptic power supply from power holding company of Nigeria was disastrous to the growth of the farm.

2.         Accommodation was also a very big challenging factors as most of the worker/staffs reside kilometers away from the farm which a lot of lateness, absenteeism and excuses so the farm suffers the outcome.

3.         Most of the staffs are unskilled, only one or two are expert in their fields so more are  required.

4.         Poor veterinary service. The supervisor in charge of this area was  not effective in discharging her duty especially in cattle unit as  most of the cattle was seen with one infection or the other such as scabies.

5.         Transportation was a very big challenge  especially to I.T students as the stipends given to I.T students a times was into

Forthcoming.

2.38    MY RELEVANCE TO UMUEBE FARMS LIMITED

            Within the specified compulsory six months of industrial attachment in Umuebe farms limited Izhiangbo, my impart over the period was enormous.

1.         The work in the accounting and supply unit was effective and much more easier for the accountant and cashiers as a result of my indispensable input in preparation of payment voucher as well as filling of ledger (income and expenditure).

2.         I was also instrumental in the areas of advertisement and marketing of their farm produce/products especially in the Agric exhibition and seminar held at Enugu state Nigeria.

3.         In the aspect of record keeping, I was also valuable because the case of improper or inappropriate record keeping was things of the past.

4.         During the programme, I participated effectively in all activities in different unit of the farm thereby contributing so much to the progress of the farm.

CHAPTER THREE

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT AND EVOLUTION OF THE FARM

            Umuebe farms limited has contribute immensely to agriculture and socio-economic development in this state and Nigeria at large.

            Some major achievement includes;

1.         The farm through its institution, Umuebe farms college approved by federal ministry of Education and National Board for technical Education NBTE) serve as an avenue to train interested Nigerian and also a research centre on modern Agricultural practice. The primary aim was equip the trainees patriotically to be self employed after thoroughly drilling them though designed programme of the college.

2.         The farm boost of centre where natural and quality honey are produced in a reasonable quantity.

3.         The farm has in the part years offered  numerous employment opportunities to Nigeria workforce.

Staffing

            Umuebe farm limited has both skilled and unskilled staff, the skilled include managing director manager, accounted and supervisors. The unskilled staff are mostly the causal attendants in the farm.

Table below shows job qualification of the staffs of Umuebe farms ltd (UFL)

s/n	Staff office	qualification
1	Managing director	PhD
2	General manager	B. Agric, MSC Economics
3	Accountant	BSc. Account
4	Supervisor	HND/OND in Agric
5	Veterinary specialist	OND in vet school
6	Receptionist	Olevel
7	Driver	Driving liences
8	Security men (civil defence)	O’Level
9	In student	I.T posting letter.

STAFF CONTROL DISCIPLINE AND SANCTIONS

            In case of indiscipline, the following are laid down sanctions and punishment assigned to any misconduct.

s/n	Indiscipline	sanction
1	Use of abusive words	Caution
2	quarrelling	Caution
3	Fitting	Caution/query
4	Dodging of work	Query
5.	Absenteeism without	Salary reduction
6	Stealing	expulsion

MANAGERIAL OUTFIT

The farm is currently managed by an Agricultural economist. He deploy all the managerial skills in how the farm should be run, in controlling of staff and indecision making process go as to maximal output at a minimal cost.

RECOMMENDATION

            I recommend the farm to make used of their abundant resource such as large parcel of land in the farm, instead of allowing it to lie waste, it should be channel towards a productive agricultural venture which will iprove their net farm income. Secondly the farm should make their farm college affordable smile the primary aim of its establishment is to train interested Nigerians that will be able to stand firmly on their own after passing though the college.

            I also wish to remind the school Institutions), the importance of posting their students on their practical year to places that are relevant to their field of study during their industrial training programme instead of allowing them to choose their convenient places at the detriment to their course of study.

            Finally the federal government should raise to their responsibilities and design the SIWEs programme in such a way students after passing through the scheme becomes job creators and not job seekers.

ECONOMIC COST ANALYSIS IN LIVESTOCK (ANIMAL SECTION)

Table 17

Fixed cost

S/N	Items	Qty	Unit price N	Total price N
1	Boreholes	5	50,000	250,000
2	Wheel barrow	2	5000	10,000
3	Fish pond	3	50,000	150,000
4	Hives	76	4000	432,000
5	Generator	1	120,000	120,000
6	Buildings	8	350,000	2,8000.00
7	Hose	3	3000	90000
8	Bullets(bowl) bucket	15	300	4500
9	Spade/shovel	10	800	8000
10	Cutlasses/hoe	13	950	12350
11	Line rental & main tenancy fee	–	–	15000
	Total			3687850
	TC = 4853600

TABLE SHOWING VARIABLE COST OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR LIVESTOCK (ANIMAL) SECTION

TABLE 18

S/N	Items	Unit	Qty	Unit price N	Total price N
1	Feeds	Kg	750	150	1,125000
2	Labour Cost	Mondays			10000
3	Transportations				21,050
4	Maintenance of machineries & equipment				4500
5	Drugs/vaccines
6	Oresel/fuel	Live	60	120	1000
7	Disinfectant				7200
8	Syringe				3900
9	Repairing of pens				1150
10	Brooms		7	50	4100
11	Cement		2	1650	350
12	Hand glove	Kg	12	300	3300
13	Nose mask		12	50	3600
	TVC                                                                            1185750 Returns from livestock section from July to December

Table 19

Month	Items sold	Qty	Unit price N	Total price N
July	Honey21kg	21kg	2000	42000
	Bee was	–	–	4200
	Pork	36kg	900	32400
	Growers	11	15000	165000
	Culled sow	2	45000	90000
	Weaners	16	5800	92800
	Barrow	1	34000	34000
	Boar	1	39500	39500
	cattle	2	96500	193000
Sub total				8400
August	Weaners	25	5500	137500
	Culled sow	3	43500	130500
	Growers	9	16000	144000
	Barrow	1	33500	33500
	Pork	39kg	900	35100
	Cattle	1	105,500	105,500
	Bee was	–	–	3900
	Honey	15kg	2000	30000
Sub-total				620007

Month	Items sold	Qty	Unit price N	Total price N
September	Snails	35	500	17500
	Bee was	–	–	4700
	Honey	27	2000	45000
	Cattle	2	100000	200,000
	Culled sow	2	50000	100000
	Boar	2	38500	77000
	Weaners	34	6000	204000
	Growers	14	16500	231000
Sub-total				888200
October	Snails	21	500	10500
	Bee was	–	–	6600
	Honey	33kg	200	66000
	Boar	1	36000	36000
	Culled sow	2	385000	77000
	Growers	13	16500	214500
	Weaners	25	6000	150000
	Barrow	2	36500	73000
	Honey wine	5kg	500	2500
Sub-total				636100
636100

Month	Items sold	Qty	Unit price N	Total price N
November	Fish (catfish)	32kg	900	28800
	Snails	28	500	14000
	Bee was	–	–	8050
	Honey	36kg	2000	72000
	Boar	2	38500	77000
	Culled sow	2	41500	83000
	Honey wine	15kg	500	7500
	Weaners	31	6200	192200
	Barrow	2	372000	74400
	Growers	22	16500	363000
Sub-total				919950
December	Fish (catfish)	120kg	900	108000
	Snails	25	500	12500
	Bee wax	–	–	10500
	Honey  wine	21kg	500	10500
	Honey	2	2000	78000
	Culled row	2	45500	91000
	Boar	41/kg	40000	80000
	Pork	35	900	36900
	Weaners	29	6500	227500
	Growers		16500	478500
	Barrow	2	40000	80000
Sub-total				121340

Total cost                   =          N4853600

Total revenue            =          10484000+620000

+          888200 + 636100 + 919950 + 1213400

=          N5,326050

But

Gross margin (GM)  =          TR – TVC

:. 5326050 – 1185758

Gross margin (GM) = N4140292

However

Profit Ù           =          TR-TC

5326050  –  4853600

= N472453

:. Profit(Ù)     =          472453

ECONOMIC COST ANALYSIS OF FIXED COST IN CROP PRODUCTION SECTION

FIXED COST TABLE 20

S/N	Items	Unit	Qty	Unit price N	Total price N
1	Land	Ha	10	150,000	1,500,000
2	Tractor	–	1	172000	172000
3	Disc plough		1	32000	32000
4	Hoe		5	450	2250
5	Garden fish		4	350	1400
6	Cutlass		15	350	8250
7	Cultivator		8	550	1200
8	Knapsack		4	4500	18000
9	Sprayer
10	Rainbow		8pair	250	2000
11	Hose		3	3000	9000
12	Boreholes		5	30000	250000
13	Wheel		2	5000	10000
	TFC			2,996100

VARIABLES COST (INPUTS)

S/N	INPUT	Qty	Unit price N	Total price N
1	Pepper Seeds	2 tins	500	1000
2	Maize seeds	5 sachet	450	2250
3	Okra seeds	I sahet	150	150
4	Cucumber seeds	5 sachet	350	350
5	Herbicides	14 cartons	3500	3500
6	Pesticides	Car tons	250	2500
7	Fertilizes	35 begs	3200	3200
8	Transportation		850	8550
	Labour
	Ploughing		–	12500
	Fertilizer			2500
	Application
	Chemical			1500
	Application
	Needing			3800
	Harvesting			2000

FIXED COST TABLE 20

S/N	Items	Unit	Qty	Unit price N	Total price N
1	Citrus	–	–	–	105000
2	Palm produce	–	–	–
3	Plantain
4	Maize	kg	6851	20	101000
5	Banana	kg	1592	50	1325000
6	Cucumber	kg	1821	100	137020
7	Coconut	kg	2912	50	79600
8	Guova	kg	1493	50	74650
9	Okro	kg	1664	100	1594000
10	Pepper	kg	1967	200	393400
11	Water leaf	–	–	–	5500
12	Pawpaw	kg	2425	50	121250
13	pineapple	kg	950	70	66500
	TR			4877620

TC       =          TFC     +          TVC

TC       =          200600 + 217300

TC       =          N2223400

But

Tr        =          N40877620

SO,

Gross Margin (gm)               =          tr-tr

:.4877620 – 217300

Gross margin (GM) = N4660320

However,

Profit x           =                      TR       –           TC

4877620 – 2223400

Profit (x)        =                      TR       –           RC

4877620        –                       2223400

Profit (x)        =                      2644200

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0                                    CONCLUSION/SUMMARY

            The SIWES scheme is aimed at exposing students to real life working enviroment, enabling them to put into practice what they have learnt in class, making them understand the technical implication of their profession as well as teaching them competence, standard and professionalism.

            The practical experiences and knowledge I gained during my industrial training programme have equipped me as far as my course of study is concerned. It serve as eye opener to my field, new skills and knowledge was acquired especially in farm management, record keeping, proper financial management, accounting and transactions.

            The opportunity have also exposed me to some other field of agricultural endeavour such as real practical experience in bee keeping techniques, such as natural money production, beeswax production, honey wine/beer(mead) production, queen bee rearing, colony division to avoid swarming and absconding  etc. Different crop production practices such citrus budding and a lots more. The importance of this industrial attachment can never be overemphasized.

            Finally, I wish to use this agust privilege to express my profound gratitude to the management of Umuebe farms college limited Izhiangbo, especially the managing director and the general manager of the farm ,I cannot easily forget the supervisors of different units, apiary supervisor in particular for their contributions throughout the programme which translated to a smooth and successful programme.

 REFERENCES

Lecture guide on introduction to farm management and production economics by Okereke, C.O.

Manual of Agricultural practical edited by Ezike K. N.N, Okpolu P.I.

Student industrial work Experience scheme (SIWES) hand book.

Essential Agriculture science the West Africa schools and college by Ogwechi, D.I