– Microbial Species Associated With Human Hands And Their Antibiotics Sensitivity Pattern – 

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INTRODUCTION

In 1938, Prince established that bacteria recovered from the hands could be divided into two categories namely resident and transient flora.

The (resident microbiota) consists of microorganisms residing under the superficial cells of the stratum corneum and can  also be found on the surface of the skin staphylococcus epidermis is the dorminant species.

is extraordinary high particularly among HCINS and other resident bacteria include S.hominis and other coagulase negative staphylococci followed by coryneform bacteria (propioni bacteria, corynebacteria, dermobacteria and micrococci).

Among fungi the most common genus of the skin flora has two main protective functions; Microbial antagonism and competition for nutrient in the ecosystem.

In general resident flora is less likely to be associated with infections in , the eyes or non intact skin. Transient flora (transient micro biota) which colonizes the superficial layers of the skin is more amenable to removal by routine hand hygiene.

do not usually multiply on the skin but they survive sporadically multiply on the . They are often acquired by HCWs during direct contact with patients or contaminated environmental surfaces adjacent to the patient and the organism is frequently associated with HCAIS.

REFERENCES

Ayliffe GAJ et al. (1988). Hand disinfection: a comparision of various agents found on the hand in laboratory and ward studies. 11:226-43

Akyol, AD 2007. Hand hygiene among nurses in Turkey  opinions and practices, journal of clinical Nursing 16, 431-437.

Casewell M., Philips I. (1977). Hands as route of transmission for Klebsiella species. BMJ; 2:1315-17

Cambell R 2010. Hand washing compliance goes from  33% to 94% steering team of key players drivers process; health care Benchmarks and quality improvement.

Canham, L. 2011. The first  step infection control is hand hygiene. The dental Assistantr 42-46.

Collins F. and Hampton S. 2005 ‘hand washing and metticillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. British journal of nursing 16:1.34-38

Duncan C.P and Dealeey C. 2007 patients feelings about washing, MRSA status and patient and patient information. British journal of nursing 16:1,34-38.

Johnson PD et al. (2005). Efficacy of an alcohol/chlohexidine hand hygiene program in a hospital with rates of Nosocomial methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection  Med J Aust; 183:9-14

Kac G et al. Microbiological evaluation of two hands hygiene procedures achieved by two health care workers during routine patient care.

Kam PF. G. and Loffler H. 2010, “hand disinfection in hospital benefits and risks; journal of the German society of dermatology 8:12,978-983

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