– Consequences of Disclosure among Adult People Living with HIV in Nigeria –
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ABSTRACT
HIV/AIDS is a disease of public health concern with 36.7 million people living with the disease worldwide. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 70% of the global burden.
In Nigeria 3.5 million people are living with the disease. The prevalence in Akwa Ibom state is 6.5% more than double the national average (3.17%).
The World Health Organization encourages all people living with HIV to disclose their status in order to improve adherence and the use of preventive practices.
Non-disclosure of one‘s positive HIV status is criminal under Nigerian law. People living with HIV are often reluctant to disclose their HIV status fearing stigma and discrimination.
The consequences of disclosure reflect the interplay between fear and hope, risks and benefits.
This study aimed to: determine the knowledge of HIV disclosure among people living with HIV, the proportion of them that had disclosed, the patterns of HIV status disclosure, the determinants of non-disclosure, as well as the barriers and consequences of HIV disclosure.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page – i
Declaration – – ii
Certification – – iii
Dedication – – iv
Acknowledgement – v
Table of contents – vii
List of Tables – – x
List of Figures – xii
List of Acronyms – xiii
Summary – – xv
Chapter One – Introduction
1.1 Background – – 1
- Problem Statement – – 6
- Justification of the Study – – – 10
- Research Questions – – – 12
1.5 Objectives – – 12
Chapter Two – Literature Review
- Background on HIV/AIDS – – – – – – – 14
- Background on HIV Counselling and testing – – – – – 27
- HIV status Disclosure – – – – – – – – 31
- HIV status disclosure knowledge among people living with HIV – – 36
- HIV disclosure and socio-demographic characteristics – – – – 37
- HIV disclosure and HIV related characteristics – – – – – 41
- HIV disclosure patterns – – – – – – – – 42
- HIV non-disclosure determinants – – – – – – – 44
- HIV disclosure barriers – – – – – – – – 45
- HIV disclosure outcomes – – – – – – – 51
Chapter Three – Methodology
3.1 Study Area – – – – – – – – – 53
3.2 Study Design – – – – – – – – – 55
- Study Population – – – – – – – – – 55
- Inclusion Criteria – – – – – – – – 55
- Exclusion Criteria – – – – – – – – 55
- Sampling Size – – – – – – – – – 55
- Sampling Technique – – – – – – – – 56
- Data Collecting Tools and Technique – – – – – – 57
- Data Management – – – – – – – – – 57
- Ethical Considerations – – – – – – – – 58
3.9 Limitations – 58
Chapter Four – Results – – 59
Chapter Five – Discussion – 90
Chapter Six – Conclusion and Recommendations
6.1 Conclusion – 100
6.2 Recommendation 101
INTRODUCTION
Background
Worldwide HIV/AIDS is a disease of public health concern. Since the first case was diagnosed in 1981, the disease has caused widespread morbidity and mortality become a global epidemic.
In 2015, the Joint United nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) released a new set of guidelines to guide communication on HIV related issues.1
In the document the use of the aforementioned terms is discouraged, and it is advised that the use of adjectives to describe AIDS should be discouraged.
The document dissuades against the use of HIV/AIDS as a generic term. It argues that most people who have HIV do not go one to develop AIDS and it advocates for the use of the term HIV instead.
The document also states, that HIV should not be described as pandemic, the word ‗epidemic‘ is preferred and efforts should be made to specify the scale.1
REFERENCES
UNAIDS Terminology Guidelines 2015 downloaded from unaids.com. assessed on 30/04/2016
WHO Case Definitions of HIV for Surveillance And Revised Clinical Staging And Immunological Classification Of HIV-Related Disease In Adults And Children. Down loaded from who.int.com assessed on 29/04/2016
Global HIV/AIDS Response Report. Downloaded from unaids.com assessed on 30/04/2016
UNAIDS GAP Report 2015 downloaded from unaids.com assessed on 30/04/2016
Epidemiological fact sheet on Nigeria 2015 downloaded from unaids.com on 30/04/2016
The Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria, The 2012 National Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Reproductive Health Survey (NARHS Plus II). Downloaded from fmoh.ng assessed 30/04/2016