Socio-Demographic Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence among Couples in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The study investigated the socio-demographic correlates of intimate partner violence among couples in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, Enugu State, Nigeria.
The population of the study comprised all he registered married couples in Enugu North senatorial zone from 2011- 2015. 868 respondents made up 434 couples were sued as sample.
The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire entitled: Intimate Partner Violence Question (IPVQ) five research questions and four hypotheses guided the study.
The research questions were answered using person product moment correlation while regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.
The results obtained showed that Nigerian couples are faced with different types of intimate partner violence which are: physical violence, psychological violence and sexual violence;
Age of the couples and their employment status were the socio-demographic factors that significantly correlate with intimate partner violence among couples and that gender and educational status did not correlate with intimate partner violence significantly.
Based on the findings, recommendations for implementation include organization confirming marriages such as families, religious groups, hospitals, courts etc, ensuring that their clients pass through marital counselling with professional marriage counsellors among others.
Table Of Contents
Title Page i
Approval ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgment v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables vii
Abstract viii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 15
Purpose of the Study 15
Significance of the Study 16
Scope of the Study 18
Research Questions 18
Hypotheses 18
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Conceptual Framework 21
Concept of Intimate partner 21
Concept of Violence 21
Concept of Intimate partner violence 23
Concept of Couples 24
Concept of Employment Status 24
Concept of Educational Status 25
Concept of Age 25
Concept of Gender 26
Conceptual Relationship of the Variables 26
Theoretical Framework 27
Social Learning Theory by Bandura (1977) 27
General Aggression Model by Anderson & Bushman (2002) 28
General Strain Theoryby Agnew (1992) 29
Review of Empirical Studies 30
Summary of Literature Review 37
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD
Design of the Study 39
Area of the Study 39
Population of the Study 40
Sample and Sampling Techniques 40
Instrument for Data Collection 41
Validation of the Instrument 41
Reliability of the Instrument 41
Method of Data Collection 42
Method of Data Analysis 42
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS
Summary of the Findings 49
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION OF RESULTS, IMPLICATIONS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Discussion of Findings 50
The types of intimate partner violence perpetrated among couples 50
The relationship between educational status and intimate partner violence
among couples 51
The relationship between age and intimate partner violence among couples 52
The relationship between gender and intimate partner violence among couples 53
The relationship between employment status and intimate partnerviolence among couples 53
Conclusion 53
Implications of the Study 54
Recommendations 55
Limitation of the Study 56
Suggestions for Further Studies 57
Summary of the Study 57
REFERENCES 59
Introduction
Background Of Study
It is often assumed that romantic relationships are all about love, security and protection but paradoxical to this idea, an intimate partner does not always offer love and security.
There is evidence that a substantial percentage of people incur the risk of experi- encing violent acts from their intimate partner at least once in their lifetime (e.g., Archer, 2000; Garcia-Moreno, Jansen, Heise, Ellsberg & Watts, 2006).
In the United States, for example, one survey found that during one day an average of over 16 calls per minute were directed to intimate partner hotlines across the country (Awake, 2013).
The Awake went further to explain that the situation is worse than statistics reveal since many incidents go unreported.
An intimate partner is a person with whom one has a close personal relationship that may be characterized by the partners’ emotional connectedness, regular contact, ongoing physical contact and sexual behavior, identity as a couple, and familiarity and knowledge about each other’s lives (Breiding, Basile, Smith, Black & Mahendra, 2015).
Although it may also include people in dating relationships, same sex spouses and those who are engaged to be married, betrothed or ‘promised’ under traditional cultural practices.
However, in this study, the term ‘intimate partner’ shall be used in reference to heterosexual married spouse. Intimate partners may experience violence in their relationship.
References
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Anderson, K. L. (2002). Perpetrator or victim? Relationships between intimate partner violence and well-being. Journal of Marriage and Family, 26, 851–863. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741- 3737.2002.00851.
Aluede, O. (2011). Managing bullying problems in Nigerian secondary schools: some counselling interventions for implementation. The African Symposium, 11 (1), 138– 145.
Agnew, Robert (1992) Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency,Criminology ,30 (10), 47–87
Archer, J. (2000). Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: A meta- analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 651–680. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.1037//0033-2909.126.5.651 Bradbury, T. N.,
Awake (April,2013) An End to Domestic violence. Vol 94, No. 4. Page 9 Retrieved from www.jw.org